In the United States, research and development of core technologies is usually undertaken by research institutes, universities, or national laboratories. Through the research and development of core technologies, after solving some basic and common technical problems, each company can develop corresponding products according to its own market positioning. Of course, large companies with strength can also do some core technology research and development, but this is a minority. The landscape lighting program in the United States is a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary program that includes basic research, core technology application development, product development, and marketing. The parts are relatively independent and interrelated. In the United States, research and development of core technologies is usually undertaken by research institutes, universities, or national laboratories. Through the research and development of core technologies, after solving some basic and common technical problems, each company can develop corresponding products according to its own market positioning. Of course, large companies with strength can also do some core technology research and development, but this is a minority. The general arrangement of core technology research and development topics is to first solicit opinions from the society, industry and academic institutions. Please ask the core technology issues, organize several discussions after finishing, and organize them by the technical expert committee according to these core technical problems. We will report to the society for the research and development project. After receiving the project declaration, the US Department of Energy organizes expert review and determines the successful units through defense and on-site inspection. Project funding typically ranges from a few hundred thousand dollars to several million dollars, with a funding period of two to three years. The US Department of Energy will also fund some product development projects. The rapid launch of testing and standards is worth learning. At present, the highlight of the US landscape lighting project promotion, I think is the rapid implementation of the test project operation and new standards. The CALiPER test results show that the average luminous efficacy of LED lamps is advancing with the times, and the highest luminous efficacy has exceeded 70 lumens per watt. Like China, there are a variety of LED landscape lighting products in the US market, and the technical performance indicators indicated are also varied, and there is a clear exaggeration. In order to regulate the market, the US Department of Energy organized a project called CALiPER in 2006. The operation of this project is to randomly and randomly check the products of landscape lighting from the market on a regular or irregular basis, and compare them with the signs, and the results are made public. Up to now, CALiPER has conducted 7 rounds of testing. The results of the first sampling test were surprising. The indicators indicated by the manufacturers differed greatly from the results of the sampling tests. The light efficiency indicators identified by most products were far greater than the data obtained from the tests. After the release of the test data, it caused a lot of repercussions in the industry, and various manufacturers began to realize that it is not advisable to exaggerate the practice. It is particularly noteworthy that the research units involved in the core technology R&D, product development and marketing have formed a strong strategic partnership with the company. Everyone has teamed up to promote the rapid and healthy entry of landscape lighting products into the market and applications. Product development and marketing are based on the establishment and implementation of standards. There is no timely introduction of standards and strict quality supervision. New products are difficult to be healthy. Exploring the market, because at this time, it is often unscrupulous manufacturers to produce a large number of inferior products by means of counterfeiting, and to push high-quality products out of the market at low prices. As a result, inferior products will destroy the market reputation of new products and finally the entire industry. Messed up. The United States has introduced four standards for LED landscape lighting in the past few years. In the past few years, China has made a lot of work in the technology promotion of semiconductor landscape lighting and achieved great results, especially in the industry alliance and industrial exchanges. Governments at all levels of the country attach great importance to LED landscape lighting. However, in the market promotion and market regulation, there are not many and unsuccessful attempts to make the inferior products flood the market, which brings many hidden dangers to the healthy development of the LED landscape lighting market. In terms of market regulation, the US Department of Energy's CALiPER approach can be used for reference. In addition, LEDs are energy-saving products, but due to the delay in the introduction of relevant standards, the market support for landscape lighting energy-saving products is not in place, greatly affecting the promotion and application of LED landscape lighting products. These issues need to be resolved by relevant government departments and relevant industry associations, as well as alliances. Only with a relatively standardized market and timely relevant standards will be introduced, the semiconductor landscape lighting industry will develop in a healthy and orderly manner.
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