Experimental Study and Production Practice of Copper Recovery by Cyanide Slag Flotation
Yang Wei
(Business School of Guangxi University, Nanning 530004 , China )
Abstract: Experimental research and practice of cyanide residue selected copper flotation plant in Henan, a cyanide, a cyanide residue comprehensive recovery of copper, gold, silver and other valuable elements, the cyanide residue become secondary resources, get Good economic and social benefits.
Key words: cyanide slag flotation recovery copper practice
CLC number: 7D952.1 Document code: A Article ID: 1671-9492 (2005 ) 06-0020-03
Use of more cyanide gold smelter, with gold powder either with full or mud cyanide cyanide, cyanide residue which contains more or less discharged recoverable gold, silver, copper, lead, etc. Valuable elements, how to comprehensively recover these valuable elements in cyanide residue, making cyanide residue a secondary resource, has very significant economic significance.
Henan mineral processing plant is located in a small Qinling region, the daily processing gold concentrates 50t, material handling primarily gold-bearing polymetallic sulfide ore, designed with gold cyanide powder - zinc leaching slag powder Replacement + lead flotation election process The main components of the raw materials: gold 50g / t, silver 120g / t, lead 3% ~ 5%, copper 1.5% ~ 5%. After four years of practice, production is basically normal, but it also exposes the following problems: First, due to the limitations of the process, when purchasing raw materials, it has to limit the copper content of raw materials, and shut out a large number of high-copper gold concentrates. This is a fierce competition in the raw materials market, which undoubtedly weakens the competitiveness of enterprises. Second, copper is one of the important non-ferrous metals. When dealing with some copper-containing raw materials, the copper in the lead tailings is lost due to the limitation of the process, which not only causes waste of resources, but also affects the economy of the enterprise. benefit. In order to do a good job of rational allocation of resources, deepen the internal potential of enterprises, and improve the competitiveness and economic benefits of enterprises, we conducted experimental research on copper recovery from cyanide flotation and improved the original production process.
1. Experimental research
For the flotation of tailings after cyanidation of gold fine powder, the author believes that it has the following characteristics: First, the general cyanide plant gold fine powder has to undergo multiple stages of grinding, the particle size of the slag is very fine, such as the plant's The gold fine powder is classified by two stages of grinding, and the fineness reaches -38 μm, accounting for more than 90%. Second, the gold fine powder is cleaved by cyanidation, which changes the surface properties of the mineral, and changes the floatability of the mineral, which makes it difficult to separate the flotation. Third, the choice of products should be clear, and it is no longer possible to select gold. Because the dissolved gold has been dissolved after leaching, it is necessary to pay attention to the type and amount of flotation agent for the target mineral.
Since it is floated after cyanidation, it is necessary to fully consider the effect of the leaching agent sodium cyanide and the added dipping agent on flotation. Our main purpose is to improve copper under the premise of ensuring the copper grade in the concentrate. The recovery rate, combined with the practice of other manufacturers, according to this arrangement of the following test: the principle of the test is a rough selection, a sweep, the rough selection of flotation concentration of 33%, the test sample taken from the tailings The lead tailings after cyanide-selected lead in the field were sampled and tested for 4.64% copper and 2.97% lead.
1.1 Exploration test
In order to investigate the floatability of copper in the sample, an exploratory test was first arranged. The test used a rough selection and a single sweeping process. The crude selection of the reagents was: ethyl sulphide 80 g/t, aniline black medicine 50 g/t. Butyl xanthate 60g / t; sweep: butyl xanthate 20g / t, pine oil 10g / t. The test results are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from the test that the copper in the sample has a certain floatability, and the comprehensive recovery can be achieved under the condition that the flotation condition is suitable. The reason for the low grade of concentrate is mainly because the dosage of the medicament is too large. In order to ensure the recovery rate, the flotation time of the test should be adjusted. The roughing time is adjusted from 4 min to 10 min, and the sweep time is adjusted from 7 min to l0 min. The flotation time is a fixed condition in the following test.
Table 1 Exploring test results
product name
Yield/%
grade/%
Metal amount / g
Recovery rate/%
Test conditions
Cu
Pb
Cu
Pb
Cu
Pb
Rough concentrate
24.3
5.49
7.08
13.34
17.20
30.94
47.15
Rough selection: ethyl sulphide 80g / t, aniline black medicine 50g / t, butyl xanthate 60g / t; sweep: butyl xanthate 20g / t, pine oil 10g / t
Sweeping concentrate
27.5
5.46
4.14
15.02
11.38
34.84
31.20
Tailings
48.2
3.06
1.64
14.75
7.90
34.22
21.67
Total
100.0
4.31
3.65
43.11
36.48
100.0
100.0
1.2 Pharmaceutical system test
Under the conditions of fixed flotation concentration and flotation time, the type of flotation agent and the amount of the flotation agent were tested and the repeated verification test was carried out. The final two conditions were as follows: rough selection: ethyl sulphide 40g /t, aniline black medicine 60g / t, sweep: butyl xanthate 10g / t, aniline black medicine 25g / t and rough selection: Z-200 30g / t, butyl xanthine 20g / t, sweep: Z -200 15g / t, butyl xanthate 13g / t, according to the two conditions of the test, the test results are shown in Table 2. It can be seen from the test results that Z-200 and butyl xanthate do have an effect on improving the grade of copper in the concentrate, and it is beneficial to the improvement of the recovery rate of the rough selection operation, but the total recovery rate is not the nigrosine and the ethyl sulfide. The effect is good, so consider the rough selection plus Z-200 and butyl xanthate as collectors , sweeping the separate addition of aniline black medicine, butyl xanthate and aniline black medicine, ethyl sulphide as a control test.
Table 2 Test results of flotation reagent system
product name
Yield/%
grade/%
Metal amount / g
Recovery rate/%
Test conditions
Cu
Pb
Cu
Pb
Cu
Pb
Rough selection
23.5
8.62
5.10
20.26
11.99
56.43
40.34
Rough selection: ethyl sulphide 40g / t, aniline black medicine 60g / t, butyl xanthate 100g / t; sweep: butyl xanthate 10g / t, pine oil 25g / t
Sweep
31.5
3.65
2.50
11.50
7.88
32.03
26.50
Tailings
45.0
0.92
2.19
4.14
9.86
11.54
33.16
Total
100.0
3.59
2.97
35.90
29.73
100.0
100.0
Rough selection
24.0
9.37
3.75
22.49
9.00
61.43
32.15
Rough selection: Z-200 30g/t, butyl xanthate 20g/t; sweep Z-200 15g/t, butyl xanthate 13g/t
Sweep
35.0
2.37
2.86
8.30
10.01
22.67
35.76
Tailings
41.0
1.42
2.19
5.82
8.98
15.90
32.09
Total
100.0
3.661
2.80
36.61
27.99
100.0
100.0
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1.3 Comprehensive test
According to the control experiment, the crude selection plus Z-200 30g / t, butyl xanthate 20g / t as a collector, sweeping separately add aniline black medicine 25g / t, ethyl sulfur nitrogen 10g / t as the test recommended drug system, Repeated tests are carried out according to this condition, and the test results obtained are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 Comprehensive test results
product name
Yield/%
grade/%
Metal amount / g
Recovery rate/%
Test conditions
Cu
Cu
Cu
Rough
25.0
11.58
28.95
67.59
Rough selection: Z-200 30g/t, butyl xanthate 20g/t
Sweeping: ethyl sulphide 10g / t, aniline black medicine 25g / t
Sweeping
38.0
2.63
9.99
23.32
Tailings
37.0
1.05
3.89
9.09
Total
100.0
4.28
42.83
100.0
2 , production practice
2.1 Production process
The process used in the production is to produce copper concentrate and sulfur concentrate after a rough selection, three selections, and three sweeps of flotation. The flotation machine uses SF-1.2, in which 4 slots are selected in a rough way, one for sweeping, one for sweeping, two for sweeping three tanks, one for selection, one for each of two tanks, and one for three tanks.
2.2 Production indicators
The production indicators for March-August 2004 are shown in Table 4. It should be noted that the recovery rate calculation in the table is calculated according to the theoretical recovery rate calculation formula based on the actual test quality of the product.
Table 4 Production Indicators/% from March to August 2004
month
Lead tailings grade
Copper concentrate grade
Copper tailings grade
Recovery rate
Cu
Pb
Au
Cu
Pb
Au
Cu
Pb
Au
Cu
Pb
Au
3
1.45
0.39
1.45
18.35
9.95
10.73
0.39
0.13
0.87
74.69
67.55
43.53
4
1.64
0.18
1.74
11.12
2.60
5.08
0.86
0.08
1.16
51.55
57.32
43.20
5
2.47
0.55
1.31
18.74
10.42
17.55
0.72
0.08
0.87
73.68
86.12
35.34
6
3.19
0.31
1.89
17.00
4.01
9.72
0.72
0.08
1.02
80.85
75.70
51.43
7
1.61
0.23
2.79
19.08
4.58
30.28
0.62
0.08
1.91
63.56
66.38
33.66
8
0.89
0.21
2.79
12.50
4.69
34.10
0.43
0.13
1.47
53.53
39.18
49.44
Note: The unit of gold grade is g/t.
2.3 Production experience
According to the production practice in the past year, the recovery of copper from cyanide flotation is technically feasible. However, due to the complexity and instability of cyanide residue, the flotation of cyanide residue still needs further exploration and practice. The author believes that the following issues should be noted in production:
(1) For the treatment of polymetallic sulphide gold concentrate, since the floatability of galena is less affected by sodium cyanide, priority flotation should be adopted to preferentially recover lead in cyanide residue. Lead recycling will create conditions for the next stage of copper selection, which will help ensure the quality of copper concentrate.
(2) Whether the tailings after cyanidation is copper or lead, I believe that it is very important to have a dominant idea. That is, the flotation at this time is not for gold selection, but for copper or lead. To determine the pharmaceutical system is bound to cause loss of gold, copper, lead, because gold itself has been cyanide leaching, the dissolution has been dissolved, leaving mostly with copper, lead or other valuable elements of inclusion, so At this time, according to the selection of copper or lead selection, the prescription is formulated, so that the gold is also enriched while enriching copper and lead. This can be seen from Table 4.
(3) In the production, it is necessary to pay attention to controlling the concentration of slurry. It is better to use high-concentration slurry and low-concentration flotation. It is more suitable to control the concentration of coarse selection at about 20%, so as to eliminate the influence of fine mud on flotation copper as much as possible. Control the concentration of selected operations at 7% to 10% to ensure the grade of copper concentrate.
(4) Production of pulp to be noted that the pH control, when using Z-200 as the collector, with the increase of the pH of the slurry, a sharp decline in the recovery of pyrite, while the recovery of copper in a wide pH The value remains unchanged and the grade rises, so the pH can be controlled between 10 and 10.5.
(5) In the production, we must pay attention to ensure the flotation time. In the production, the copper selection of the plant uses a total of 21 tank SF-1.2 flotation machine to ensure the flotation time.
(6) Whether in the test or in the production, the use of the filtrate after the lead-pressure filtration as the slurry is better than the slurry with the new water, which is somewhat contradictory to the inhibition theory of sodium cyanide, but The filtrate has been used as the mixing water in the production of the plant (because the plant uses zero discharge process of production wastewater, the copper ions in these filtrates accumulate to a certain extent before being treated by the semi-acidification method), and the copper is not added with activator. There is no sulfuric acid to destroy cyanide. The author guesses whether other ions in the filtrate play a certain activation role, which requires further analysis and testing.
3 , the conclusion
Under the premise of ensuring the technical indicators of the cyanide leaching main process, the copper (including some gold and silver) in the lead tailings is further recovered by flotation of lead tailings, which not only makes the process more perfect, but also improves the adaptation of the process to the raw material market. Sexuality, enhance the company's ability to compete, and achieve comprehensive recovery of valuable elements, can recover more 9kg of gold, 300kg of silver, 16t of copper, and an annual economic benefit of about 600,000 yuan.

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