In March, when spring returns to the earth, two major national conferences once again captured global attention. This time of year always stirs the hearts of those who have a deep interest in politics. Many people believe that the outcomes of these sessions will bring meaningful changes to their daily lives. This sentiment is widely shared and understood, as the two sessions were originally established to serve the people of the country.
This year, one of the key topics under discussion is the review of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" and the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan." The Tenth Five-Year Plan has already been thoroughly evaluated from all angles, and now the National People's Congress is delivering its final assessment. At this critical moment, every Chinese citizen should reflect on what the Tenth Five-Year Plan truly brought to China. Understanding this will help set clear expectations for the current session.
When it comes to the Tenth Five-Year Plan, there is a broad consensus both domestically and internationally: it was the most transformative five years in modern Chinese history. Among the many changes, one stands out—China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). During this period, numerous challenges once deemed impossible were not only initiated but also successfully completed. For example, more systematic industrial reforms were implemented, the financial system was reformed with RMB exchange rate adjustments at the forefront, and agricultural reforms, such as the abolition of agricultural taxes, were carried out. Political reforms, long delayed, also accelerated, particularly through changes in the civil service system. The ongoing push for national reform emphasized building a harmonious society and enhancing social security and public services. None of these developments could have happened without the impact of joining the WTO.
While joining the WTO may seem like a single action, it was actually the culmination of decades of reform and marked the start of a new phase. Its greatest significance was that it placed China under the pressure of global competition. China’s reform process was no longer just about internal governance—it became subject to international scrutiny. As a responsible nation, China had to accelerate its reforms and fulfill its commitments with determination. This is why the Tenth Five-Year Plan is considered the most significant in the country’s recent history.
As the oil worker Wang Jinxi once said, “No pressure, no oil.†History shows that during periods of openness, China prospered; during times of isolation, it struggled. The achievements of the Tenth Five-Year Plan reaffirmed that a nation cannot thrive in seclusion. It must continue to reform and engage more fully with the global community. With this understanding, there is a growing expectation for the Eleventh Five-Year Plan to be even more open and globally oriented.
Looking at the petroleum and chemical industries, one of the biggest changes in the past five years was the removal of the Ministry of Chemical Industry. Some feared that without government oversight, companies would collapse or face foreign takeovers. However, contrary to expectations, the industry not only survived but grew stronger. What is especially encouraging is that it has started to address long-standing issues of environmental neglect while fulfilling its economic and social responsibilities.
It is reasonable to expect that with one or two more open Five-Year Plans, the industry will eventually become the “backbone of the national economy†and the “pillar of a harmonious society.â€
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