The development of China's automotive parts industry has gone through several key stages. It began in 1949, marking the initial phase of growth. From 1956 to 1978, it entered a period of foundational development. The reform and opening-up era started in 1978, leading to significant changes in the industry structure. Between 1985 and 2000, the focus shifted toward localization, and since 2000, the industry has continued to evolve, with an increasing emphasis on domestic production and global integration.
In terms of scale, by 2004, there were 4,171 auto parts companies included in official statistics. That year, the sector generated sales revenue of 330 billion yuan, representing a 25.6% increase from 2003. This accounted for 30% of the total income of the entire automotive industry. Profits reached 28.8 billion yuan, up 12.6% from the previous year, making up 40% of the industry’s total profits. Imports of auto parts dropped slightly to 7.93 billion yuan, a 4.5% decrease compared to 2003, while exports surged by 73.2%, reaching 5.63 billion yuan.
In terms of competitiveness, the industry holds certain advantages. It is labor-intensive and material-heavy, producing goods that are not easily transportable over long distances. Some products are competitive due to their cost being comparable to foreign alternatives, although quality and innovation still lag behind international standards. However, delivery times are often more efficient. On the other hand, high-tech products face challenges as they are still in early stages of development, and general-purpose components, though large in volume, require high precision and have limited usage in smaller vehicles.
The industry also faces several disadvantages. Many companies are small-scale, with low risk tolerance and limited technological capabilities. Brand recognition is weak, and product standardization remains low. Additionally, Chinese joint-venture automakers have limited influence in the supply chain.
Opportunities are growing as the domestic auto market expands rapidly, and the parts market—both original equipment and after-sales—continues to grow. Globalization of the automotive industry and ongoing economic reforms create a favorable environment for structural improvements within the parts sector.
However, challenges remain. Rising raw material costs are squeezing profit margins, and increased competition from foreign firms is intensifying. Lower import barriers for spare parts are also threatening traditional markets.
Looking ahead, five major trends are expected. First, enterprise integration and differentiation will become more common, leading to uneven profit distribution. Second, the industrial structure will continue to optimize, promoting collaboration between different capital entities and supporting systems. Third, the policy environment will support further development. Fourth, brand building will enhance core competitiveness. Finally, China may emerge as a global hub for spare parts manufacturing.
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