**Abstract:** Based on the principle and configuration of water supply zones in high-rise buildings, the use of pressure-reducing valves is introduced. This paper explores the application of hydraulic control valves in fire water supply systems by analyzing their performance and working mechanism, supported by real-world engineering examples. The focus is on how these valves effectively manage pressure, prevent water hammer, and ensure safe and efficient fire protection in tall structures. **Keywords:** Fire water; Pressure-reducing valve; High-rise building Since the 1990s, with the rapid economic growth, people's living standards have improved significantly, leading to a surge in the construction of high-rise buildings in major cities. As part of building infrastructure, water supply and drainage technology has also advanced rapidly, incorporating new materials, equipment, and methods. In high-rise building water distribution systems, valves have been widely used and have evolved through three stages: pressure-reducing networks, proportional valves, and finally hydraulic control valves. This paper presents a brief overview of the application of hydraulic control valves in fire water supply systems for high-rise buildings. **1. Fire Water Zones in High-Rise Buildings** The division of fire water zones in high-rise buildings should consider factors such as building height, pipe layout, fire equipment location, and project cost. The main purpose is not only to reduce pressure when it exceeds the system’s allowable limit but also to prevent water hammer noise and vibration. Additionally, it ensures that the lower parts of the building do not experience excessively high fire water pressure, which could cause operational difficulties or exceed standard flow rates. According to Chinese regulations, the maximum static pressure at the lowest fire hydrant should not exceed 0.9 MPa, and the working pressure of automatic sprinkler systems should not exceed 1.2 MPa. There are three basic forms of fire water zoning: parallel zoning, series zoning, and an additional pressure-reducing zone (using pressure-reducing valves). Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, as summarized in Table 1. **2. Working Principle and Performance of Hydraulic Control Valves** A hydraulic control valve operates based on the principle of fluid dynamics. It uses the water network to regulate the opening and closing of the valve. The valve consists of a main valve, a pilot valve, and an external needle valve. Depending on the application, it can function as a remote-controlled float valve, level control valve, pressure relief valve, or slow-closing check valve. The basic working principle involves the balance of forces acting on the valve disc. When the inlet pressure (P1) acts on the area (S1), and the outlet pressure (P2) acts on the area (S2) plus the spring force (Fs), the valve adjusts accordingly. - **Fully Closed State:** When the control chamber is filled with water (via the needle valve), the pressure on both sides of the valve is equal (P1S1 = P2S2), and the spring keeps the valve closed. - **Fully Open State:** If the control chamber is isolated from the inlet (needle valve closed), the pressure difference (P1 > P2) causes the valve to open. - **Floating State:** By adjusting the needle valve, the flow through the valve can be balanced, maintaining a stable pressure downstream. When the hydraulic control valve is connected to a pressure-reducing pilot valve, it becomes a pressure-reducing valve. The pilot valve senses the downstream pressure and adjusts the main valve accordingly. If the downstream pressure drops below the set value, the pilot valve opens to allow more water flow, increasing the pressure. Conversely, if the pressure reaches or exceeds the set point, the pilot valve restricts the flow, reducing the valve opening. From this principle, it is clear that hydraulic control valves offer excellent performance. They can adjust the pressure reduction ratio dynamically, independent of the upstream pressure. The downstream pressure remains stable, even when the flow rate fluctuates, ensuring consistent and reliable operation. This makes them ideal for fire protection systems in high-rise buildings where precise pressure control is essential.

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