**Abstract:** Based on the principle and configuration of water supply zones in high-rise buildings, this paper proposes the use of pressure-reducing valves. By analyzing the performance and working mechanism of hydraulic control valves, combined with practical engineering examples, the application of these valves in fire water supply systems of high-rise buildings is discussed in detail. The key topics include the design of fire water zones, the role of hydraulic control valves, and their advantages in maintaining stable pressure and preventing water hammer. Keywords: Fire water, Pressure reducing valve, High-rise building.
Since the 1990s, with rapid economic development and improved living standards, the construction of high-rise buildings has become widespread, especially in large cities. Water supply and drainage technology, as a vital part of construction, has also seen significant progress, with new materials, equipment, and technologies being widely adopted. In the context of high-rise building water distribution, valves have been extensively used, evolving through three stages: pressure-reducing network, proportional valves, and finally, hydraulic control valves.
This paper focuses on the application of hydraulic control valves in the fire water supply system of high-rise buildings. It discusses the importance of proper zoning in fire water systems, taking into account factors such as building height, pipe layout, fire equipment placement, and cost. The primary purpose of zoning is to reduce pressure when it exceeds the system's capacity, prevent water hammer and vibration, avoid excessive pressure at lower levels, and ensure that the pressure at fire hydrants and sprinkler systems remains within acceptable limits. According to Chinese regulations, the maximum static pressure at the lowest fire hydrant should not exceed 0.9 MPa, while the operating pressure for automatic sprinkler systems should not exceed 1.2 MPa.
There are three main types of fire water zoning: parallel zoning, series zoning, and pressure-reducing zone (using pressure-reducing valves). Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, which are summarized in Table 1.
Hydraulic control valves operate based on hydraulic principles. They consist of a main valve, an external needle valve, and a pilot valve. Depending on the application, they can be adapted into various forms such as remote-controlled float valves, water level valves, pressure relief valves, and slow-closing check valves. Their working principle involves balancing the forces acting on the valve disc, including the pressure before and after the valve and the spring force.
In the fully closed state, the pressure on both sides of the valve is equal, and the spring keeps the valve shut. When the inlet flow cannot reach the control chamber, the valve opens fully under the pressure differential. In the floating state, the valve adjusts its opening to maintain balance between the upstream and downstream pressures. When connected to a pressure-reducing pilot valve, the system becomes a hydraulically controlled pressure-reducing valve. This allows the pilot valve to sense the downstream pressure and adjust the main valve accordingly, ensuring stable pressure at the outlet.
From the working principle, it is evident that hydraulic control valves offer excellent performance. They can dynamically adjust the pressure reduction ratio according to system needs, without being restricted by internal limitations. The outlet pressure remains constant regardless of changes in the inlet pressure, and even when the flow fluctuates, the system maintains stable operation without causing underflow or pressure drop. This makes them highly suitable for fire water supply systems in high-rise buildings, where consistent and reliable pressure is critical for safety and efficiency.
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