The "Regulations on the Management of New Energy Vehicle Manufacturers and Product Access Management" formulated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has attributed fuel cell vehicles to the initial stage, that is, the implementation path of the technical principles is still in the early stage of research.
On June 17, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology formulated the “Regulations for the Management of New Energy Vehicle Manufacturing Enterprises and Product Accessâ€, which stipulates that from July 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010, fuel cell passenger vehicles/commercial vehicles belong to The initial product, that is, the implementation path of technical principles is still in the early stage of research, lacking national and industry-related standards, and products that do not yet have industrialization conditions. The road to commercialization of fuel cell vehicles seems confusing and full of variables.
Basic zero emissions for fuel cell vehicles
"Literally speaking, a fuel cell vehicle seems to be an electric vehicle. However, from a professional point of view, fuel cell vehicles are more similar to conventional engine vehicles." Professor Xu Sichuan, a professor at the Institute of Fuel Cell Engines, Tongji University, said that fuel cells The principle of the car is to allow hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity through a chemical reaction under the action of a catalyst, which is used as an energy source for driving an automobile engine. Conventional electric vehicles directly use electric energy to drive the locomotive.
In general, the conversion efficiency of fuel cell engines is 40% to 60% higher than that of ordinary internal combustion engines. According to the standard fuel consumption of ordinary passenger cars of 100 kilometers, a fuel cell car needs about 1.2 kg of gaseous hydrogen for a hundred kilometers. According to reports, the BMW 7-Series Hydrogen Internal-Combusion Engine has a dual-fuel hydrogen and gasoline engine. It can be freely switched by a switch on the instrument panel. When hydrogen fuel is driven, the acceleration time is 0 to 100km/h, which is 9.5s. Up to 230km/h.
Fuel cell vehicles produce electricity by chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, so the product is water only, and zero emissions or near zero emissions can be achieved. This will not only reduce the pollution caused by oil leakage, but also reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. It is an ideal vehicle that meets the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction. At the same time, the engine's combustion efficiency is improved, and the operation process is smooth and noise-free.
High cost and supporting facilities construction are two major obstacles
At present, fuel cell vehicles operating in China are mainly model cars. They are generally used for display on special occasions, travel and sightseeing, and have not yet achieved real commercialization. Although there are some fuel cell vehicles in commercial operation in the international market, taxis are still the mainstay.
Associate Professor Wang Hewu of Department of Automotive Engineering at Tsinghua University pointed out that the high cost of fuel cell vehicles makes it difficult to move to the market in the short term. The cost of each of the three fuel cell buses displayed at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games was more than 3 million yuan. Currently, the Euro IV standard traditional low-floor coaches imported from the public transportation system are priced at more than RMB 1 million. From the perspective of market economics, it is difficult to complete the marketization promotion for high costs, and it is impossible to mass-produce mass production without marketization, and the cost cannot be reduced, leading to a vicious circle of costs and sales.
It is understood that GM has proposed to become the first company to sell 1 million fuel cell vehicles, and is committed to producing affordable fuel cell vehicles after 2010. However, this is only an idea. It also requires a lot of conditions for real implementation.
At present, apart from importing fuel cell buses in China, the research on fuel cell vehicles is mainly carried out by universities and related scientific research institutions. There is no mature technology available as a manufacturer for mass production. An industry insider who asked not to be named told the author that the development and production of fuel cell cars is more difficult than fuel cell buses. It requires both mature technology and more complete infrastructure.
For a car with a wide range of driving range and no fixed car, if the hydrogen refueling station cannot be found on the way, the car would be inferior to an oxcart. However, infrastructure construction involves not only urban planning, transportation, and electricity, but also the problems of investment and operators’ profitability, while also effectively solving the problems of core technologies and uniform standards for hydrogenation. For buses with a certain range of travel, this problem may be easy to solve, but for private cars to solve these problems is a long way to go.
If technology and cost are the problems that scientific research institutions and enterprises can solve on their own, then the construction of corresponding supporting facilities is not something that can be done by one person. It requires national policy, industrial chain, and infrastructure construction. And timely development of sound industry standards and norms.
A small amount of ordinary consumers can use it after 2020
Then, when will the average consumer enjoy the fuel cell car with the price of "pro-people"?
According to media reports, the research and development of fuel cell vehicles has made great progress in recent years. The world-famous car manufacturers Mercedes, GM, Honda, and Toyota all increased their R&D efforts on fuel cell vehicles and formulated corresponding production and marketing plans. In the interview, Xu Sichuan also mentioned that a person in charge of an ordinary Canadian public transport company told him that by 2015 the bus company could achieve unified and effective use of fuel cell buses and ordinary buses on the premise of not using the government’s penny subsidies. run.
Not long ago, relevant departments in Shanghai issued the "Hundred Thousand Projects" for fuel cell vehicles. Prior to the 2010 World Expo, 10 hydrogen refueling stations, 100 fuel cell buses and 1,000 fuel cell cars will be deployed, and Shanghai will be In the next three years, 1.3 billion yuan will be invested in hydrogen fuel cells.
Some experts have assumed that by 2015, fuel cell vehicles can operate on small-scale and special occasions; after 2020, fuel cell cars can be delivered to a small number of ordinary consumers for commercial operation.
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