Nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a versatile nanomaterial that has gained significant attention for its wide range of applications, including as a photocatalyst, UV blocker, and photoelectric agent. Its unique properties make it highly effective in antibacterial and antifungal treatments, air purification, odor removal, water treatment, pollution control, weather resistance, and anti-aging coatings. As production techniques become more advanced and functional applications expand, nano TiO2 is expected to play a crucial role in the technological advancements across environmental protection, information technology, materials science, energy, and healthcare.
The antibacterial mechanism of nano titanium dioxide relies on its electronic structure. When exposed to light, especially ultraviolet (UV) light, TiO2 generates highly reactive species such as superoxide anion radicals and hydroxyl radicals. These radicals can effectively degrade organic pollutants and attack bacterial cells, leading to their destruction. Unlike traditional antimicrobial agents like silver or copper, which may release harmful byproducts after killing bacteria, nano TiO2 not only inhibits bacterial growth but also breaks down the cell membrane, preventing the release of endotoxins and reducing secondary pollution. Additionally, since it does not dissolve, it maintains long-term photocatalytic activity and continues to kill bacteria and break down pollutants over time.
As a nanomaterial, TiO2 must meet specific size requirements while also exhibiting functional properties. At the nanoscale, it demonstrates quantum size effects, surface effects, and macroscopic quantum tunneling, giving it unique characteristics such as strong antibacterial properties, air purification capabilities, and wastewater treatment efficiency.
In daily life, nano titanium dioxide can be incorporated into building materials like wall paints, floor coverings, and furniture finishes to eliminate harmful bacteria and degrade volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as formaldehyde. This helps create a healthier living environment. It can also be added to plastics at around 1% concentration to produce antimicrobial packaging, household appliances, and public facilities, reducing the risk of bacterial contamination and cross-infection. Antimicrobial fibers made with TiO2 are used in medical products and textiles, offering antibacterial and deodorizing benefits for health and hygiene.
TiO2-based photocatalysis is a promising green technology due to its simplicity, low cost, and effectiveness under natural light and ambient conditions. It can efficiently decompose pathogens, organic pollutants, and various contaminants in water, converting them into harmless substances like carbon dioxide and water. Research in this field is progressing rapidly, making photocatalytic wastewater treatment a viable and sustainable solution.
Moreover, nano titanium dioxide can be used in air purification by degrading nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), and other harmful gases from industrial and vehicle emissions. By undergoing redox reactions, it helps purify the air and reduce environmental pollution. Photocatalytic coatings and ceramic materials based on TiO2 have shown great potential in removing nitrogen oxides from the atmosphere.
Beyond these applications, nano titanium dioxide is also being explored in magnetic materials, conductive pigments, gas sensors, and humidity sensors. As research continues, its application areas are expected to expand further.
Currently, the domestic production and application of nano titanium dioxide are still in the early stages. To fully realize its potential, it is essential to strengthen theoretical research, encourage interdisciplinary collaboration, and promote high-level development, ensuring broader and more impactful applications in the future.
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