[China Instrument Network Instrument Industry] The leakage of pipe network in the water supply industry is widespread. The actual water leakage in China's water supply network is very serious. The increase in the leakage rate not only causes economic losses, but also may bring about a decline in water quality, further reducing the utilization rate of water resources and exacerbating the water shortage problem in the city. Therefore, how to reduce the leakage management of water is how to reduce the leakage rate of the water supply network. When water resources are abundant, leakage leakage does not become a prominent problem. However, in the increasingly shortage of water resources, the problem of leakage leakage is particularly prominent. Its impact is almost related to all aspects of water supply enterprises and society.
Impact of Leakage In recent years, more and more Chinese water supply companies have begun to pay more attention to the control of non-returning water. The reason is actually that the water supply industry in China will change the management direction from the issue of water supply security to the efficiency of water supply operations. After China's reform and opening up, along with the rapid economic development, a large number of influxes of foreign residents have entered the city, and the urban infrastructure has developed rapidly. For urban water supply companies, the growth in water brought about by the demographic dividend has been achieved. However, when the city develops to a certain scale, there is no room for further increase in water volume. With the increasingly serious problems of pipeline network aging, meter misalignment and lack of effective operation and management methods, non-revenue water volume has increased year by year. When the new water volume rate is significantly slower than the growth rate of non-revenue water, the problem of poor water supply and sales Exposed. Water companies are under pressure from business operations to ensure cost-effectiveness. On the one hand, they solve the problem by raising the price of water. On the other hand, they can only achieve the purpose by solving the non-revenue water.
As a water-scarce country in China, the annual water shortage in the country reaches 40 billion cubic meters, and nearly two-thirds of the cities have water shortages of varying degrees. At the same time, there are serious leakage problems in a large number of cities' water supply systems. In Shenzhen, for example, leakage control is still relatively good in Shenzhen cities across the country. The leakage loss per year is still more than 150 million cubic meters. The problems in other cities are even more severe. It can be said that the leakage is currently large. One of the symptoms of urban illness has brought severe challenges to the sustainable development of the city. For water supply enterprises, which are the main body of leakage control, leakage caused a reduction in operating income and increased operating costs, which weakened the ability of water companies to provide necessary extension services and financial viability.
Effectively controlling the leakage of the water supply system has positive implications for the development of the city, the water company's operations and the ecological environment. This has also become the consensus of the industry.
Leakage control from a strategic point of view At present, the leakage control of the water supply industry is unsatisfactory in terms of results, reflecting the fact that the leakage rate of the entire industry has remained high for a long time. Despite the lack of detailed and specific statistical data, Since the author's many years of observation, the national average leakage rate should be above 20%, which is far from the 12% target proposed by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. There are many reasons for this, but the most fundamental one is: The nature of leakage control in the industry is a lack of systematic and holistic awareness. In practice, it is often trapped in a "head-to-head" situation.
So, what is the problem of leakage control? What are the characteristics of good leakage control? Where are the bad questions? These questions must be answered.
The author's amateur study of the history of warfare, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the contest between the Eighth Route Army and the Japanese Army in North China demonstrated a vivid picture of successful leakage control. Since 1938, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the North Korean anti-Japanese military and civilians have established numerous anti-Japanese bases behind the enemy in North China, actively carried out guerrilla stations, and dealt heavy blows to the Japanese and puppet troops, causing the main Japanese forces to fall into the quagmire of war in North China. According to the situation, the Japanese military replaced many North China commanders in a row, and the problem remains unresolved. In 1941, Okamura Ningshi took over as Tadajun, the commander-in-chief of the Japanese army in North China. At the beginning of his term, Tada told Okamura that the route was very "beggar" and the Imperial Army went to a large scale. There are a lot of eight ways. It can be seen that the Japanese army is left and right, facing the problem.
After Okamura took office, facing the severe situation in North China, he quickly adjusted his strategy and tactics. First of all, the “cage policy†was implemented, with “railroads and highways as chains, and strongholds as locksâ€, dividing the enemy's anti-Japanese base areas behind the enemy to form a cage and continuing to extend to the base areas. Second, the Japanese troops were concentrated and were mainly responsible for sweeping. The puppets are scattered and are mainly responsible for intelligence and Qingxiang. Finally, the intelligence network and tactical system are reorganized, and the scale of the campaign is determined according to the activities and the number of the Eighth Route Army.
Through the above measures, Okamura quickly reversed the war situation in North China, causing unprecedented difficulties in the North China base. In 1941, the area of ​​the North China base area was reduced by 80% and the population was reduced by 30 million. As a counterpart, Peng Dehuai, an opponent of Okamura, commented: “Okamura is the most powerful of the North China Commanders and a smart tactician.â€
Looking back at this period of history, it is not a crime for the devils and the Japanese army committed crimes in northern China. We can never forget. Only from a tactical analysis, the Japanese military is successful, because it is well-developed appropriate strategies for the characteristics of the problem. If you do not study your opponents and understand their characteristics and laws, you will not be able to formulate effective strategies and you will not be able to do a good job.
The same is true for the leakage control problem in many cases. In many cases, we are bothered by the problem. To study its origin, we cannot formulate suitable strategies, and we cannot formulate appropriate strategies. It is our inability to locate the essence of the problem. Chairman Mao pointed out that we analyze the problem. Should not be engaged in the classification of surface phenomena, should be engaged in the classification of the internal relations of the material, according to this idea, leakage control is no longer a pipe network problem, nor is it a measurement problem, it is not a management problem, but with The problems encountered by Gang Village in North China are similar. It is a war problem, that is, the issue of counter-guerrilla warfare. Because the problems of the guerrillas and the leakage problems are intrinsic iconicity, that is, the uncertainty of time, place and scale.
(Original title: The nature and strategy of leakage control)
Impact of Leakage In recent years, more and more Chinese water supply companies have begun to pay more attention to the control of non-returning water. The reason is actually that the water supply industry in China will change the management direction from the issue of water supply security to the efficiency of water supply operations. After China's reform and opening up, along with the rapid economic development, a large number of influxes of foreign residents have entered the city, and the urban infrastructure has developed rapidly. For urban water supply companies, the growth in water brought about by the demographic dividend has been achieved. However, when the city develops to a certain scale, there is no room for further increase in water volume. With the increasingly serious problems of pipeline network aging, meter misalignment and lack of effective operation and management methods, non-revenue water volume has increased year by year. When the new water volume rate is significantly slower than the growth rate of non-revenue water, the problem of poor water supply and sales Exposed. Water companies are under pressure from business operations to ensure cost-effectiveness. On the one hand, they solve the problem by raising the price of water. On the other hand, they can only achieve the purpose by solving the non-revenue water.
As a water-scarce country in China, the annual water shortage in the country reaches 40 billion cubic meters, and nearly two-thirds of the cities have water shortages of varying degrees. At the same time, there are serious leakage problems in a large number of cities' water supply systems. In Shenzhen, for example, leakage control is still relatively good in Shenzhen cities across the country. The leakage loss per year is still more than 150 million cubic meters. The problems in other cities are even more severe. It can be said that the leakage is currently large. One of the symptoms of urban illness has brought severe challenges to the sustainable development of the city. For water supply enterprises, which are the main body of leakage control, leakage caused a reduction in operating income and increased operating costs, which weakened the ability of water companies to provide necessary extension services and financial viability.
Effectively controlling the leakage of the water supply system has positive implications for the development of the city, the water company's operations and the ecological environment. This has also become the consensus of the industry.
Leakage control from a strategic point of view At present, the leakage control of the water supply industry is unsatisfactory in terms of results, reflecting the fact that the leakage rate of the entire industry has remained high for a long time. Despite the lack of detailed and specific statistical data, Since the author's many years of observation, the national average leakage rate should be above 20%, which is far from the 12% target proposed by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. There are many reasons for this, but the most fundamental one is: The nature of leakage control in the industry is a lack of systematic and holistic awareness. In practice, it is often trapped in a "head-to-head" situation.
So, what is the problem of leakage control? What are the characteristics of good leakage control? Where are the bad questions? These questions must be answered.
The author's amateur study of the history of warfare, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the contest between the Eighth Route Army and the Japanese Army in North China demonstrated a vivid picture of successful leakage control. Since 1938, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the North Korean anti-Japanese military and civilians have established numerous anti-Japanese bases behind the enemy in North China, actively carried out guerrilla stations, and dealt heavy blows to the Japanese and puppet troops, causing the main Japanese forces to fall into the quagmire of war in North China. According to the situation, the Japanese military replaced many North China commanders in a row, and the problem remains unresolved. In 1941, Okamura Ningshi took over as Tadajun, the commander-in-chief of the Japanese army in North China. At the beginning of his term, Tada told Okamura that the route was very "beggar" and the Imperial Army went to a large scale. There are a lot of eight ways. It can be seen that the Japanese army is left and right, facing the problem.
After Okamura took office, facing the severe situation in North China, he quickly adjusted his strategy and tactics. First of all, the “cage policy†was implemented, with “railroads and highways as chains, and strongholds as locksâ€, dividing the enemy's anti-Japanese base areas behind the enemy to form a cage and continuing to extend to the base areas. Second, the Japanese troops were concentrated and were mainly responsible for sweeping. The puppets are scattered and are mainly responsible for intelligence and Qingxiang. Finally, the intelligence network and tactical system are reorganized, and the scale of the campaign is determined according to the activities and the number of the Eighth Route Army.
Through the above measures, Okamura quickly reversed the war situation in North China, causing unprecedented difficulties in the North China base. In 1941, the area of ​​the North China base area was reduced by 80% and the population was reduced by 30 million. As a counterpart, Peng Dehuai, an opponent of Okamura, commented: “Okamura is the most powerful of the North China Commanders and a smart tactician.â€
Looking back at this period of history, it is not a crime for the devils and the Japanese army committed crimes in northern China. We can never forget. Only from a tactical analysis, the Japanese military is successful, because it is well-developed appropriate strategies for the characteristics of the problem. If you do not study your opponents and understand their characteristics and laws, you will not be able to formulate effective strategies and you will not be able to do a good job.
The same is true for the leakage control problem in many cases. In many cases, we are bothered by the problem. To study its origin, we cannot formulate suitable strategies, and we cannot formulate appropriate strategies. It is our inability to locate the essence of the problem. Chairman Mao pointed out that we analyze the problem. Should not be engaged in the classification of surface phenomena, should be engaged in the classification of the internal relations of the material, according to this idea, leakage control is no longer a pipe network problem, nor is it a measurement problem, it is not a management problem, but with The problems encountered by Gang Village in North China are similar. It is a war problem, that is, the issue of counter-guerrilla warfare. Because the problems of the guerrillas and the leakage problems are intrinsic iconicity, that is, the uncertainty of time, place and scale.
(Original title: The nature and strategy of leakage control)
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