According to UN forecasts, the world population will grow from the current 7 billion to more than 9 billion in the next 25 years, and the demand for food will nearly double, so it can be automated throughout the year under controlled conditions. Plant factories that operate and achieve high yields are highly anticipated. But after decades of development, the plant factory does not seem to meet expectations. According to industry estimates, the world population will increase from the current 7 billion to more than 9 billion in the next 25 years, and the demand for food will also This has nearly doubled, so plant plants that can operate automatically and achieve high yields under controlled conditions are highly anticipated. But after decades of development, the plant factory does not seem to meet expectations. According to industry insiders, even in Japan, where automated planting technology is leading, about 70% of plant factories are not profitable. However, the Japanese government is increasing investment in the agricultural sector. Many well-known Japanese electronics companies such as Panasonic, Fujitsu, and Toshiba are also involved in this emerging industry. They hope that through technological innovation, they will be more competitive with traditional agriculture. A new generation of plant factories. 70% of plant factories rely on government subsidies According to Forbes magazine's recent report, at the greenhouse gardening and plant factory exhibition held in Tokyo last week, Matsushita's marketing and business planning manager Song Ye Zhengshu said that Japan is currently About 70% of plant factories are not profitable. He personally believes that this figure should be close to 90%. The statement of pine leaves has been recognized by other exhibitors. If it is not subsidized by the government, the operators of many plant factories may have already been eliminated. Given that Japan is considered to be one of the leaders in plant plant technology, it is conceivable that plant factories in other parts of the world survive with the help of the government. There are multiple reasons for the loss of plant factories, where high operating costs are an obvious factor. In Japan, most plant factories use fluorescent lamps to provide controlled artificial lighting. Fluorescent lamps not only do not save energy, but also emit a lot of heat. Air conditioners need to be installed to cool down, so power consumption is high. Although in recent years, large-scale promotion of energy-saving LEDs has replaced fluorescent lamps, farmers in plant factories generally lack relevant knowledge and cannot effectively use LED lighting technology. In addition, many plant factories are not automated enough to use expensive labor and increase operating expenses. The output of the plant factories that are of concern is only 60% to 70%, which is similar to the harvest of home grown. In the plant factory, fruits and vegetables are grown on a layer of cultivation racks. Song Ye said that due to uneven temperature, it affects the growth rate of plants, and eventually leads to differences in individual size. The new system can cut operating costs by half. However, some companies want to change the status quo. Panasonic said it will provide an automated cultivation system that will increase production rates to 95% and cut operating costs by half, making plant factories an industry that can be profitable without government subsidies. The new system will use advanced LED lighting, which can reduce electricity consumption by 60%; smart air conditioners can control the temperature difference between ceiling and ground within 1.5 degrees Celsius, while the temperature difference in traditional plant factories can reach 4 degrees Celsius to 6 degrees Celsius; And the fertilization system can halve the labor costs. Song Ye said that the new system starts at $2 million and is expected to recover investment costs in seven to eight years. Compared to the ordinary lettuce sold in supermarkets, the new system produces lettuce with higher quality and better taste, but the price is doubled. The joining of electric enterprises is expected to make the price of vegetables more intimate. In recent years, many Japanese electronics companies have tried water to open plant factories. Fujitsu began running a cloud-based it service in 2012 to support all aspects of outdoor agriculture and greenhouse agriculture management, and then extended the service to plant factories. In 2013, Fujitsu used government subsidies to partially modify its semiconductor factory in Fukushima Prefecture to produce low-potassium vegetables for people with special dietary needs. Toshiba also converted a spare semiconductor factory in Yokosuka to a Toshiba clean room farm two years ago to grow lettuce, spinach, water vegetables and herbs under aseptic conditions. The company claims to have built an abandoned chip factory in Chiba Prefecture into the world's largest plant, using GE's LED lighting to produce up to 10,000 lettuce per day. Strategic discussion on improving the economic and social benefits of plant factories Due to the high construction cost and high energy consumption of plant plants, the equipment depreciation and operating costs are higher, the output and quality must be higher than other production methods, or the price is more Be competitive to achieve higher benefits. Key breakthroughs should be made from the following points: 1. Significantly reduce initial construction costs and operating costs Plant construction and equipment costs mainly include construction, lighting equipment, electrical equipment, air conditioning equipment, water supply and drainage equipment, hydroponic cultivation equipment, supporting machinery and engineering. Costs, etc., of which construction, lighting and cultivation equipment cost about 70% of the total cost. In terms of reducing construction costs, it is possible to use abandoned factories and building basements for construction; in terms of cultivation equipment, standardized civil materials and equipment should be used as much as possible, such as the use of standardized shelves; LEDs should be selected from the needs of plant production. A special lamp that is simple and practical but not necessarily aesthetically pleasing. 2, significantly improve the system's light efficiency and energy efficiency light efficiency and energy efficiency is the key to significantly reduce operating costs, the use of LED instead of fluorescent lamps and according to the plant from seedling to harvesting light formula requirements for dynamic optimization of the light environment, and even designed The upper and lower movable light sources and the concentrating light source with adjustable spot size reduce the energy consumption of the light source. At the same time, the light-temperature coupled energy-saving cooling method and the intelligent environment control system for introducing outdoor fresh air are adopted to reduce the energy consumption of the air conditioner. 3. Significantly increase the yield, quality and economic benefits of plant factories. The substantial increase in output and quality is the key to economic benefits. In terms of increasing production, on the one hand, it can improve plant yield by precisely regulating the environment and nutrient elements, and on the other hand, it can be cultivated in stages and sub-regions according to the developmental characteristics of plants to improve production efficiency and yield at each stage; In terms of quality, VC, soluble sugar and other functional qualities can be improved through nutrient regulation and light regulation. In addition, it is possible to increase the output value of the plant by planting some functional vegetables or medicinal plants. 4. Focus on the combination of plant factories and urban life Urban residents have both material needs for clean and safe vegetables and spiritual needs for building green spaces. Plant factories can be combined with urban families, communities, schools, hospitals, hotels, restaurants, shopping malls and supermarkets to form plant factories with different specifications and different forms, so that plant factories can be ubiquitous in the city, forming a distributed and networked The urban plant factory application system provides a green space for soothing mood while providing fresh vegetables to urban residents. The combination of plant factories and modern cities will definitely enhance the economic and social benefits of plant factories. Conclusion On July 27th, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe announced a package of economic stimulus packages totaling $266 billion, most of which will be used to increase agricultural production in Japan. The introduction of the new policy will inevitably push these companies to compete more fiercely. With the continuous innovation of technology, the price of vegetables produced by plant factories in the future will be more advantageous than the ordinary vegetables in supermarkets.
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