I. INTRODUCTION An RFID system is an automatic identification technology that uses inductive, radio wave or microwave energy to conduct non-contact two-way communication to achieve the purpose of identifying and exchanging data. It automatically recognizes target objects and obtains relevant data through radio frequency signals. The recognition work requires no manual intervention. As a wireless version of the barcode, RFID technology has the advantages of waterproofness, anti-magneticity, high temperature resistance, long service life, long reading distance, data encryption on the label, greater storage data capacity, and ease of storage information change, which are not available in the barcode. Radio frequency identification technology is an automatic identification technology that matured from the 1980s. It has developed extremely rapidly since entering the 1990s. Nowadays, the application of RFID has been quite extensive, such as the control of personnel's entry and exit monitoring, reusable asset management, cargo management of logistics transportation, non-stop charging, bus smart cards and so on.
Second, RFID technology and system The typical radio frequency identification system includes two parts: They are radio frequency cards, readers. RF cards are also called transponders or electronic tags. Several of their main modules are integrated into a single chip and communicate with the reader. The chip has a memory section for storing identification numbers or other data, such as license plate numbers, models, and owners. Name, etc. The periphery of the chip only needs to be connected to an antenna. It can be used as a person's ID card or cargo identification card. The reader/writer is also called a transceiver or an interrogator. It consists of a transmitting unit, a receiving unit, a signal processing control unit, and a power supply. It sends RF modulated signals (also called interrogation signals) to the RFID card through the antenna, and at the same time receives the RF modulated signal (also called the reply signal) from the RFID card that is returned from the RFID card via the antenna. After processing, it is passed to the intelligent control. equipment. The basic work flow of the radio frequency identification system is that the reader sends a radio frequency signal of a certain frequency through the transmitting antenna, and when the radio frequency card enters the working area of ​​the transmitting antenna, an induced current is generated, and the radio frequency card obtains energy to be activated; the radio frequency card passes its own coding and other information through the card. Built-in transmission antenna sends out; The system receiving antenna receives the carrier signal sent from the RF card and transmits it to the reader via the antenna regulator. The reader demodulates and decodes the received signal and sends it to the background main system for correlation processing. The main system judges the legitimacy of the card according to logical operations, performs corresponding processing and control for different settings, and issues an instruction signal to control the execution mechanism. The function of the control unit of the reader includes: communicating with the application system software and executing commands issued by the application system software; controlling the communication process with the radio frequency card (master-slave principle); encoding and decoding of the signal. For some special systems, there is also an anti-collision algorithm that performs encryption and decryption of data to be transmitted between the RF card and the reader, and additional functions such as authentication between the RF card and the reader.
III. Typical Application of RFID Technology in Traffic and Ports 1. Shenzhen Customs Automatic Vehicle Identification System Project Application Case Shenzhen Customs is one of China's major port customs. All the vehicles registered in the customs are installed with fixed electronic license plates with vehicle identification information. All registered drivers use a driver's card with driver identification information. When the vehicle arrives at the entry/exit customs, the system automatically obtains the information of the electronic license plate and driver card through the microwave reader and obtains the vehicle weight information through the electronic scale (if the goods are loaded, the goods are also obtained through the barcode reader at the same time) The bar code information of the list), then the data is encrypted and transmitted to the customs host, and after checking with the database data in the customs host, the inspection information is returned. If the customs vehicle is a legal vehicle, the system will automatically release it, and at the same time write the vehicle clearance information to the electronic license plate in real time. If the customs vehicle is an abnormal vehicle, the system will alarm and intercept it, wait for customs clearance, and after the customs clearance is completed, issue a vehicle release order to the system or check the vehicle inspection site. After using the electronic license plate clearance system, the vehicles can pass without stopping, and it takes only 20 seconds to pass through the channel with a weighing platform to verify the location of the lot. The maximum clearance speed for each channel of the inspection and release channel can reach 150 vehicles/hour, and the inspection and release speed is increased by eight times. The number of channels was reduced by 75%, which greatly improved efficiency, saved manpower, eliminated human factors such as manual missing reading, misinterpretation, and non-reading, lifted the phenomenon of increasingly severe traffic congestion at the port, and effectively overcame the “close supervision†of the customs. "The contradiction with "quick clearance." Shenzhen's channel-type applications using RFID tags as vehicles for vehicle and driver identity information have been fully validated. "Electronic license plate" was therefore recognized by the General Administration of Customs and became a "statutory technical equipment" for land and customs clearance vehicles, and was gradually promoted at the National Customs.
The main feature of this application is that the electronic license plate (RFID tag) uses a UHF (902 to 928 MHz) band passive card, which is maintenance-free for a long time and repeatedly used. The electronic license plate is installed on the front windshield of the vehicle using anti-removal technology, forming a unique correspondence relationship with the car, becoming the only electronic identity mark of the car, and the vehicle's identity information is strictly fixed in the car. Using dual-card microwave coupling technology, the license plates of the electronic license plate and the air medium installed in the glass medium of the vehicle can work synchronously in the same microwave environment, ie, the supervision of the vehicle can be realized, and the supervision of the driver can also be realized. Realizes the verification of the legitimacy of people and vehicles.
2. Hunan Provincial Regional Vehicle Automatic Identification Management System (HNAVIM) Case “Hunan Regional Vehicle Automatic Identification Management System†has been approved by the provincial government as part of the national plan for the “Golden Shield Project†in Hunan, becoming one of the Hunan Province* and information Cover the province's basic construction projects. The Hunan Regional Automated Vehicle Identification and Management System is an RFID resource-based application system technology developed by a technical team. It surveys and establishes information resource sites in the road traffic network in the administrative area of ​​Hunan Province, and has constructed thousands of base stations. The "AVIM" base station network is composed of "passive electronic identification cards for vehicles" (electronic license plates) that are fitted to cars traveling throughout the province free of charge, and uses this base station network to provide comprehensive, multi-faceted, contactless control. Vehicles in the territory and road network traffic monitoring. At the same time, it collects, controls and controls the province’s information resources concerning vehicle involvement and driving, and uses these resources to complete 34 intelligent transportation system user service projects for 33 users across the province. Through the construction of this project, a “special car account†clearing and settlement platform was established in the same period in Hunan to provide “non-cash parking services†for the owners of the system and promote the development of electronic finance in the province. All vehicles running throughout Hunan Province are equipped with “Car Digitization Standard Sourcesâ€, which are also called “electronic license platesâ€, and make them a “front-end technology platform†for traffic management in Hunan. The whole system is composed of the following major components: the construction of a "system base station network" covering and controlling the province's road network, the establishment of a system operation and control center and sub-center (including series of databases), the construction of a system operation management center and sub-center, and construction of The province's “Automatic Special Account Type Settlement and Settlement Platform†has built a commercial base station group that meets 33 types of users. The total construction scale of the project is: “Electrical license plate†(including 100,000 temporary vehicles for transit vehicles) equipped with 1.5 million vehicles in the province; 2700 base stations for 8 types and 8 types will be built to form a “system base station networkâ€; Operation control center, four sub-centers and database; built an operation management center and four sub-centers; built a “clearing and clearing†platform serving the whole province and based on the Construction Bank.
3. Shanghai Port International Container Vehicle License Plate Recognition System Case The Shanghai Port International Container Vehicle License Plate Recognition System involves the issuance of electronic license plates covering more than 500 transportation companies, registration of more than 12,000 vehicles, card printing, sticking cards, one inspection, and automated port operations. And driver training. Faced with many objects, requiring fast response time characteristics. Therefore, the existing port terminals in Shanghai have already adopted the automated application of RFID; at the same time, the construction of the electronic license plate recognition system for the dangerous goods area and the Luchao inspection area on the Shanghai Yangshan Port will also be fully implemented. This has extremely important influence and significance on the promotion of all vehicle-operated electronic license plates in Shanghai and the promotion of RFID vehicle automatic identification applications in Shanghai.
IV. Opportunities and challenges faced by the application of RFID technology With the widespread use of RFID technology, especially the promotion of non-contact bus and campus card projects, a number of chip, package, read/write terminals and system integration vendors have been trained. These domestic manufacturers have mastered mature technologies and initially formed the domestic RFID industry chain. The RFID industry chain consists of the following components: standard formulation, chip design, label packaging (including antenna design), identification system design and production, system integration, and management software development.
At present, the domestic system integration vendors have certain large-scale system integration capabilities, but the use of software products is mainly foreign. The RFID system software processes and analyzes a large amount of data generated by the RFID system and provides users with truly useful information. It is a key link related to whether RFID can be successfully promoted, and it is also the highest segment in the future RFID industry value chain. Compared with foreign large-scale software companies trying to develop RFID system software, domestic software companies are relatively less involved in the development of RFID system software. At this point, domestic capabilities are very different from those of foreign countries.
V. Conclusions and Prospects In China, the relevant government departments have fully realized the importance of RFID technology and given strong support to the industry. Although the domestic chip companies started late in the design of RFID chips, with the rapid development of the domestic chip design industry in the last 10 years, the gap with the international chip design level has narrowed, and domestic companies have completely designed RFID chips. Opportunities catch up with and even exceed the technical level of foreign chip companies. It is believed that with the vigorous development of China's Internet of Things technology, the application prospect of RFID technology will be even broader.
Second, RFID technology and system The typical radio frequency identification system includes two parts: They are radio frequency cards, readers. RF cards are also called transponders or electronic tags. Several of their main modules are integrated into a single chip and communicate with the reader. The chip has a memory section for storing identification numbers or other data, such as license plate numbers, models, and owners. Name, etc. The periphery of the chip only needs to be connected to an antenna. It can be used as a person's ID card or cargo identification card. The reader/writer is also called a transceiver or an interrogator. It consists of a transmitting unit, a receiving unit, a signal processing control unit, and a power supply. It sends RF modulated signals (also called interrogation signals) to the RFID card through the antenna, and at the same time receives the RF modulated signal (also called the reply signal) from the RFID card that is returned from the RFID card via the antenna. After processing, it is passed to the intelligent control. equipment. The basic work flow of the radio frequency identification system is that the reader sends a radio frequency signal of a certain frequency through the transmitting antenna, and when the radio frequency card enters the working area of ​​the transmitting antenna, an induced current is generated, and the radio frequency card obtains energy to be activated; the radio frequency card passes its own coding and other information through the card. Built-in transmission antenna sends out; The system receiving antenna receives the carrier signal sent from the RF card and transmits it to the reader via the antenna regulator. The reader demodulates and decodes the received signal and sends it to the background main system for correlation processing. The main system judges the legitimacy of the card according to logical operations, performs corresponding processing and control for different settings, and issues an instruction signal to control the execution mechanism. The function of the control unit of the reader includes: communicating with the application system software and executing commands issued by the application system software; controlling the communication process with the radio frequency card (master-slave principle); encoding and decoding of the signal. For some special systems, there is also an anti-collision algorithm that performs encryption and decryption of data to be transmitted between the RF card and the reader, and additional functions such as authentication between the RF card and the reader.
III. Typical Application of RFID Technology in Traffic and Ports 1. Shenzhen Customs Automatic Vehicle Identification System Project Application Case Shenzhen Customs is one of China's major port customs. All the vehicles registered in the customs are installed with fixed electronic license plates with vehicle identification information. All registered drivers use a driver's card with driver identification information. When the vehicle arrives at the entry/exit customs, the system automatically obtains the information of the electronic license plate and driver card through the microwave reader and obtains the vehicle weight information through the electronic scale (if the goods are loaded, the goods are also obtained through the barcode reader at the same time) The bar code information of the list), then the data is encrypted and transmitted to the customs host, and after checking with the database data in the customs host, the inspection information is returned. If the customs vehicle is a legal vehicle, the system will automatically release it, and at the same time write the vehicle clearance information to the electronic license plate in real time. If the customs vehicle is an abnormal vehicle, the system will alarm and intercept it, wait for customs clearance, and after the customs clearance is completed, issue a vehicle release order to the system or check the vehicle inspection site. After using the electronic license plate clearance system, the vehicles can pass without stopping, and it takes only 20 seconds to pass through the channel with a weighing platform to verify the location of the lot. The maximum clearance speed for each channel of the inspection and release channel can reach 150 vehicles/hour, and the inspection and release speed is increased by eight times. The number of channels was reduced by 75%, which greatly improved efficiency, saved manpower, eliminated human factors such as manual missing reading, misinterpretation, and non-reading, lifted the phenomenon of increasingly severe traffic congestion at the port, and effectively overcame the “close supervision†of the customs. "The contradiction with "quick clearance." Shenzhen's channel-type applications using RFID tags as vehicles for vehicle and driver identity information have been fully validated. "Electronic license plate" was therefore recognized by the General Administration of Customs and became a "statutory technical equipment" for land and customs clearance vehicles, and was gradually promoted at the National Customs.
The main feature of this application is that the electronic license plate (RFID tag) uses a UHF (902 to 928 MHz) band passive card, which is maintenance-free for a long time and repeatedly used. The electronic license plate is installed on the front windshield of the vehicle using anti-removal technology, forming a unique correspondence relationship with the car, becoming the only electronic identity mark of the car, and the vehicle's identity information is strictly fixed in the car. Using dual-card microwave coupling technology, the license plates of the electronic license plate and the air medium installed in the glass medium of the vehicle can work synchronously in the same microwave environment, ie, the supervision of the vehicle can be realized, and the supervision of the driver can also be realized. Realizes the verification of the legitimacy of people and vehicles.
2. Hunan Provincial Regional Vehicle Automatic Identification Management System (HNAVIM) Case “Hunan Regional Vehicle Automatic Identification Management System†has been approved by the provincial government as part of the national plan for the “Golden Shield Project†in Hunan, becoming one of the Hunan Province* and information Cover the province's basic construction projects. The Hunan Regional Automated Vehicle Identification and Management System is an RFID resource-based application system technology developed by a technical team. It surveys and establishes information resource sites in the road traffic network in the administrative area of ​​Hunan Province, and has constructed thousands of base stations. The "AVIM" base station network is composed of "passive electronic identification cards for vehicles" (electronic license plates) that are fitted to cars traveling throughout the province free of charge, and uses this base station network to provide comprehensive, multi-faceted, contactless control. Vehicles in the territory and road network traffic monitoring. At the same time, it collects, controls and controls the province’s information resources concerning vehicle involvement and driving, and uses these resources to complete 34 intelligent transportation system user service projects for 33 users across the province. Through the construction of this project, a “special car account†clearing and settlement platform was established in the same period in Hunan to provide “non-cash parking services†for the owners of the system and promote the development of electronic finance in the province. All vehicles running throughout Hunan Province are equipped with “Car Digitization Standard Sourcesâ€, which are also called “electronic license platesâ€, and make them a “front-end technology platform†for traffic management in Hunan. The whole system is composed of the following major components: the construction of a "system base station network" covering and controlling the province's road network, the establishment of a system operation and control center and sub-center (including series of databases), the construction of a system operation management center and sub-center, and construction of The province's “Automatic Special Account Type Settlement and Settlement Platform†has built a commercial base station group that meets 33 types of users. The total construction scale of the project is: “Electrical license plate†(including 100,000 temporary vehicles for transit vehicles) equipped with 1.5 million vehicles in the province; 2700 base stations for 8 types and 8 types will be built to form a “system base station networkâ€; Operation control center, four sub-centers and database; built an operation management center and four sub-centers; built a “clearing and clearing†platform serving the whole province and based on the Construction Bank.
3. Shanghai Port International Container Vehicle License Plate Recognition System Case The Shanghai Port International Container Vehicle License Plate Recognition System involves the issuance of electronic license plates covering more than 500 transportation companies, registration of more than 12,000 vehicles, card printing, sticking cards, one inspection, and automated port operations. And driver training. Faced with many objects, requiring fast response time characteristics. Therefore, the existing port terminals in Shanghai have already adopted the automated application of RFID; at the same time, the construction of the electronic license plate recognition system for the dangerous goods area and the Luchao inspection area on the Shanghai Yangshan Port will also be fully implemented. This has extremely important influence and significance on the promotion of all vehicle-operated electronic license plates in Shanghai and the promotion of RFID vehicle automatic identification applications in Shanghai.
IV. Opportunities and challenges faced by the application of RFID technology With the widespread use of RFID technology, especially the promotion of non-contact bus and campus card projects, a number of chip, package, read/write terminals and system integration vendors have been trained. These domestic manufacturers have mastered mature technologies and initially formed the domestic RFID industry chain. The RFID industry chain consists of the following components: standard formulation, chip design, label packaging (including antenna design), identification system design and production, system integration, and management software development.
At present, the domestic system integration vendors have certain large-scale system integration capabilities, but the use of software products is mainly foreign. The RFID system software processes and analyzes a large amount of data generated by the RFID system and provides users with truly useful information. It is a key link related to whether RFID can be successfully promoted, and it is also the highest segment in the future RFID industry value chain. Compared with foreign large-scale software companies trying to develop RFID system software, domestic software companies are relatively less involved in the development of RFID system software. At this point, domestic capabilities are very different from those of foreign countries.
V. Conclusions and Prospects In China, the relevant government departments have fully realized the importance of RFID technology and given strong support to the industry. Although the domestic chip companies started late in the design of RFID chips, with the rapid development of the domestic chip design industry in the last 10 years, the gap with the international chip design level has narrowed, and domestic companies have completely designed RFID chips. Opportunities catch up with and even exceed the technical level of foreign chip companies. It is believed that with the vigorous development of China's Internet of Things technology, the application prospect of RFID technology will be even broader.
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